Preface ix About the Author xiv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 　1.1 Computer Security Concepts 3 　1.2 The OSI Security Architecture 8 　1.3 Security Attacks 9 　1.4 Security Services 13 　1.5 Security Mechanisms 16 　1.6 A Model for Network Security 19 　1.7 Standards 21 　1.8 Outline of This Book 21 　1.9 Recommended Reading 22 　1.10 Internet and Web Resources 23 　1.11 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 25 　PART ONE CRYPTOGRAPHY 27 Chapter 2 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 27 　2.1 Symmetric Encryption Principles 28 　2.2 Symmetric Block Encryption Algorithms 34 　2.3 Random and Pseudorandom Numbers 42 　2.4 Stream Ciphers and RC4 45 　2.5 Cipher Block Modes of Operation 50 　2.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 55 　2.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 56 Chapter 3 Public-Key Cryptography and Message Authentication 61 　3.1 Approaches to Message Authentication 62 　3.2 Secure Hash Functions 67 　3.3 Message Authentication Codes 73 　3.4 Public-Key Cryptography Principles 79 　3.5 Public-Key Cryptography Algorithms 83 　3.6 Digital Signatures 90 　3.7 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 90 　3.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 91 　PART TWO NETWORK SECURITY APPLICATIONS 97 Chapter 4 Key Distribution and User Authentication 97 　4.1 Symmetric Key Distribution Using Symmetric Encryption 98 　4.2 Kerberos 99 　4.3 Key Distribution Using Asymmetric Encryption 114 　4.4 X.509 Certificates 116 　4.5 Public-Key Infrastructure 124 　4.6 Federated Identity Management 126 　4.7 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 132 　4.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 133 Chapter 5 Transport-Level Security 139 　5.1 Web Security Considerations 140 　5.2 Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security 143 　5.3 Transport Layer Security 156 　5.4 HTTPS 160 　5.5 Secure Shell (SSH) 162 　5.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 173 　5.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 173 Chapter 6 Wireless Network Security 175 　6.1 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Overview 177 　6.2 IEEE 802.11iWireless LAN Security 183 　6.3 Wireless Application Protocol Overview 197 　6.4 Wireless Transport Layer Security 204 　6.5 WAP End-to-End Security 214 　6.6 Recommended Reading andWeb Sites 217 　6.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 218 Chapter 7 Electronic Mail Security 221 　7.1 Pretty Good Privacy 222 　7.2 S/MIME 241 　7.3 DomainKeys Identified Mail 257 　7.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 264 　7.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 265 　Appendix 7A Radix-64 Conversion 266 Chapter 8 IP Security 269 　8.1 IP Security Overview 270 　8.2 IP Security Policy 276 　8.3 Encapsulating Security Payload 281 　8.4 Combining Security Associations 288 　8.5 Internet Key Exchange 292 　8.6 Cryptographic Suites 301 　8.7 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 302 　8.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 303 　PART THI~ SYSTEM SECURITY 305 Chapter 9 Intruders 305 　9.1 Intruders 307 　9.2 Intrusion Detection 312 　9.3 Password Management 323 　9.4 Recommended Reading andWeb sites 333 　9.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 334 　Appendix 9A The Base-Rate Fallacy 337 Chapter 10 Malicious Soft-ware 340 　10.1 Types of Malicious Software 341 　10.2 Viruses 346 　10.3 Virus Countermeasures 351 　10.4 Worms 356 　10.5 Distributed Denial of Service Attacks 365 　10.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 370 　10.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 371 Chapter 11 Firewalls 374 　11.1 The Need for Firewalls 375 　11.2 Firewall Characteristics 376 　11.3 Types of Firewalls 378 　11.4 Firewall Basing 385 　11.5 Firewall Location and Configurations 388 　11.6 Recommended Reading andWeb Site 393 　11.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 394 　APPENDICES 398 　Appendix A Some Aspects of Number Theory 398 　A.1 Prime and Relatively Prime Numbers 399 　A.2 Modular Arithmetic 401 　Appendix B Projects for Teaching Network Security 403 　B.1 Research Projects 404 　B.2 Hacking Project 405 　B.3 Programming Projects 405 　B.4 Laboratory Exercises 406 　B.5 Practical Security Assessments 406 　B.6 Writing Assignments 406 　B.7 Reading/Report Assignments 407 　Index 408 　ONLINE CHAPTERS Chapter 12 Network Management Security 　12.1 Basic Concepts of SNMP 　12.2 SNMPvl Community Facility 　12.3 SNMPv3 　12.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 　12.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Chapter 13 Legal and Ethical Aspects 　13.1 Cybercrime and Computer Crime 　13.2 Intellectual Property 　13.3 Privacy 　13.4 Ethical Issues 　13.5 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 　13.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 　ONLINE APPENDICES Appendix C Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations 　C.1 The Importance of Standards 　C.2 Internet Standards and the Internet Society 　C.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology Appendix D TCP/IP and OSI 　D.1 Protocols and Protocol Architectures 　D.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture 　Do3 The Role of an Internet Protocol 　D.4 IPv4 　D.5 IPv6 　D.6 The OSI Protocol Architecture Appendix E Pseudorandom Number Generation 　E.1 PRNG Requirements 　E.2 PRNG Using a Block Cipher 　E.3 PRNG Using a Hash Function or Message Authentication Code Appendix F Kerberos Encryption Techniques 　E.1 Password-to-Key Transformation 　E.2 Propagating Cipher Block Chaining Mode Appendix G Data Compression Using ZIP 　G.1 Compression Algorithm 　G.2 Decompression Algorithm Appendix H PGP Random Number Generation 　H.1 True Random Numbers 　H.2 Pseudorandom Numbers Appendix I The International Reference Alphabet Glossary References