Preface to the Reissue of the Materials Characterization Series

Preface to Series

Preface to the Reissue of Characterization of Catalytic Materials

Preface

Contributors

BULK METALS AND ALLOYS

　1.1 Introduction

　The Role of Metals and Alloys in Catalysis

　1.2 Preparation of Bulk Alloy or Bimetallic Catalysts

　1.3 Bulk Metal Characterization Methods

　Bulk Chemical Analysis 4, Determination of Crystal

　Structure 5, Morphology and Microstructure 6, Quantification

　of Surface Area 8, Surface Composition 9, Gas-Surface

　Interactions 11, Surface Structure of Single Crystals and Metal Films

　1.4 Surface Composition-Structure and Catalysis Relationship

SUPPORTED METALS

　2.1 Introduction

　Characteristics of Supported Metals 18, Conditions

　of Characterization of Supported Metals

　2.2 Typical Approaches to Metals Characterization

　Chemisorption 19, Methods of Measuring Chemisorption

　2.3 Reaction Studies of Supported Metals

　2.4 X-ray Diffraction and Scattering Methods

　Particle Sizes from Line-Broadening 27, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

　2.5 Electron Microscopy

　2.6 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

　Preparation for Measurements 32, Interpretation of

　Information 32, Strengths and Weaknesses of XAS

　2.7 Massbauer Spectroscopy

　2.8 Photoelectron/Photoemission Spectroscopy

　2.9 Magnetic Methods

　2.10 Summary

BULK METAL OXIDES

　3.1 Introduction

　Oxides as Catalysts 47, Mechanistic Features of Oxide Catalyzed Reactions

　3.2 Synthesis Methods

　3.3 Properties of Oxides and Their Relation to Catalytic Behavior 51

　Determination of Bulk Structure 51, Bulk Composition 57, Metal Oxidation

　State and Local Structural Environment 57, Characterization by Electron

　Microscopy 60, Surface Characterization Using Molecular Probes 61,

　Surface Characterization Using Spectroscopic Analyses 63, Reducibility

　and Oxide Ion Mobility 64, Magnetic and Electronic Properties 65

　3.4 Summary

SUPPORTED METAL OXIDES

　4.1 Introduction

　4.2 Synthesis Methods

　4.3 Characterization

　Structure of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase 71, Surface Coverage

　of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase 73, Oxidation States and Local

　Structural Environments of Supported Metal Oxide Phases 75, Morphology

　of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase 77, Surface Chemistry of

　Supported Metal Oxides 77, Characterization Summary

　4.4 Impregnating Solution Chemistry

　4.5 Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Under Ambient Conditions

　4.6 Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Under In Situ Conditions

　4.7 Catalysis and Structure-Reactivity Relationship

　4.8 Summary

　5.1 Introduction

　5.2 Preparation of Bulk TMS Catalysts

　Binary Sulfides 90, Mixed Metal Sulfides

　5.3 Bulk Characterization

　Structures of TMS and Stable Catalytic Phases 92, Morphology, Particle Size,

　and Surface Area 94, Metal Oxidation State and Structural Environment

　5.4 Surface Composition

　Chemisorption and Molecular Probes 96, Surface

　Characterization Using Spectroscopic Techniques

　5.5 Structure-Function Relationships

　Importance of the Electronic Structure 100, Effect of the Crystallographic

　Structure 102, Effect of the Sulfur Vacancies

　5.6 Summary

SUPPORTED METAL SULFIDES

　6.1 Introduction

　6.2 Structure of the Oxidic Catalyst

　6.3 Structure of the Sulfidic Catalyst

　Structure of Molybdenum 114, Structure of Cobalt and Nickel

　6.4 Specific Surface Area

　6.5 Structure-Reactivity Relationships

　Role of Molybdenum 121, Roleofthe Promoter 122, Role of Phosphate

　6.6 Summary

ZEOLITES AND MOLECULAR SIEVES

　7.1 Introduction

　7.2 Structure of Zeolites and Molecular Sieves

　7.3 X-ray, Neutron, and Electron Diffraction

　Identification of Zeolites 134, Compositional and Phase

　Changes 135, Structure Determination by Diffraction Techniques

　7.4 High-Resolution Electron Microscopy

　7.5