Chapter 1 Chemical Bonding

  1.1 Introduction

  1.2 Atoms, Electrons and Orbitals

  1.3 Ionic Bonds

  1.4 Covalent Bonds

  1.5 Double Bonds and Triple Bonds

  1.6 Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity

  1.7 FormaICharge

  1.8 Structural Formulas of Organic Molecules

  1.9 Constitutional Isomers

  1.11 The Shapes of Sorue Simple Molecules

  1.12 Molecular Dipole Moments

  1.13 Electron Waves and Chemical Bonds

  1.14 Bonding in H2: The Valence Bond Model

  1.15 Bonding in H2: Molecular Orbital Method

  1.16 0rbital Hybridization and Bonding ofMethane

  1.17 sp3 Hybridization and Bonding ofEthane

  1.18 sp2 Hybridization and Bonding ofEthylene

  1.19 sp Hybridization and Bonding ofAcetylene

  1.20 Chapter Summary

  Review Questions

  References

Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

  2.1 Introduction

  2.2 Structure of Alkanes

  2.3 Nomenclature of Alkanes

  2.4 AlkylGroups

  2.5 Conformational Isomerization ofAlkanes

  2.6 Physical Properties ofAlkanes

  2.7 Chemical Properties ofAlkanes

  2.8 Cycloalkanes

  2.9 Chapter Summary

  Review Questions

  References

Chapter 3 Alkenes and Alkynes

  3.1 Introduction ofAlkenes

  3.2 Structure of Alkenes

  3.3 Nomenclature ofAlkenes

  3.4 Physical Properties ofAlkenes

  3.5 Chemical Properties ofAlkenes

  3.6 Diencs

  3.7 Introduction ofAlkynes

  3.8 Structure ofAlkynes

  3.9 Nomenclature ofAlkynes

  3.10 Physical Properties ofAlkynes

  3.11 Chemical Properties of Alkynes

  3.12 Chapter Summary

  Review Questions

  References

Chapter 4 A romatic C ompounds

  4.1 Introduction

  4.2 Benzene

  4.3 Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives

  4.4 Physical Properties ofAromatic Hydrocarbon

  4.5 Chemistry ofBenzene Derivatives

  4.6 FusedRing Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  4.7 Aromaticity and the Huckel Rule

  4.8 Chapter Summary

  Review Questions

  References

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry

  5.1 Introduction

  5.2 Symmetry Elements

  5.3 Chiral Carbons

  5.4 0ptical Activity

  5.5 Configuration ofEnantiomers

  5.6 Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Centers

  5.7 Chapter Summary

  Review Questions

  References

Chapter 6 Alkyl Halides

  6.1 Introduction

  6.2 Classification

  6.3 Nomenclature

  6.4 Reactions ofAlkyl Halides

  6.5 Chapter Summary

  Review Questions

  References

Chapter 7 Alcohols and Phenols

  7.1 Introduction

  7.2 Alcohols

  7.3 Phenols

  ……

Chapter 8 Ethers, Epoxides, Thiols and Sulfides

Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones

Chapter 10 Carboxylic Acids and Substituted Carboxylic Acids

Chapter 11 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Chapter 12 Amines

Chapter 13 Aromatic Heterocycles

Chapter 14 Carbohydrates

Chapter 15 Lipids

Index