大学物理学（上册）
￥42.00定价
作者： 申兵辉、朱世秋等
出版时间：2017年7月
出版社：清华大学出版社
- 清华大学出版社
- 9787302472308
- 1-1
- 110513
- 16开
- 2017年7月
- 理学
- 物理学
- O4
- 物理
- 本专科、高职高专
内容简介
本书是为全日制高等院校编写的教学用书.全书分为上、下两册,上册内容包括运动与力、热现象、电与磁、波与粒子四部分,下册内容包括习题解答和拓展阅读两部分.本书的内容涵盖了大学基础物理学的主要内容,并适当突出了近代物理学的地位和作用.在表述上力求思路清晰、结构紧凑、体系完整,具有概念准确、详略得当等特点.书中每章都附有一定量的精心选择的难易适中的习题,并在下册对每一道习题均提供了一种参考解法.另外,拓展阅读部分既有知识拓展和技术应用,又有思维的拓展,通过阅读这些材料不但可以使读者开阔视野,还可以培养物理学的研究方法和思维方式.本书适用于高等院校非物理专业理、工、农、医、牧、水等专业使用,也可供物理学相关工作者学习参考之用.
目录
目录
第一篇运动与力
第 1章质点运动学 ··················································· 3
1.1质点运动的描述 ················································ 3
1.2速度和加速度在不同坐标系中的表示 ······························· 6
1.3相对运动 ····················································· 11习题 ····························································· 13第 2章动量角动量 ················································· 15
2.1力与物体的运动状态 ············································ 15
2.2动量动量守恒是律 ············································ 18
2.3角动量角动量守恒是律 ········································ 24
2.4质心质心运动是理 ············································ 27
2.5刚体的是轴转动 ················································ 28习题 ····························································· 33第 3章功和能 ······················································· 36
3.1动能是理 ····················································· 36
3.2势能 ························································· 41
3.3功能原理与机械能守恒是律 ······································· 44习题 ····························································· 46第 4章流体力学 ····················································· 48
4.1流体静力学 ··················································· 48
4.2理想流体的流动 ················································ 51
4.3如性流体的流动 ················································ 55
4.4液体的表面性质 ················································ 57习题 ····························································· 61第 5章振动 ························································· 63
5.1振动概述 ····················································· 63
5.2简谐振动 ····················································· 64
5.3振动的合成与分解 ·············································· 70
5.4阻尼振动受迫振动 ············································ 74习题 ····························································· 77第 6章狭义相对论基础 ··············································· 79
6.1经典时空观 ··················································· 79
iv目录
6.2狭义相对论的时空观 ············································ 81
6.3狭义相对论的质量和能量 ········································ 85
6.4广义相对论简介 ················································ 86习题 ····························································· 90
第二篇热现象
第 7章气体动理论 ··················································· 93
7.1气体的状态方程 ················································ 93
7.2气体动理论的基本概念 ·········································· 95
7.3理想气体的压强和温度 ·········································· 98
7.4气体分子的速率分布律 ·········································· 101
7.5玻耳兹曼分布律 ················································ 103
7.6能量均分是理 ················································· 105
7.7分子的平均自由程 ·············································· 107
7.8输运现象的气体动理论 ·········································· 109习题 ····························································· 111第 8章热力学基础 ··················································· 113
8.1热力学第一是律 ················································ 113
8.2理想气体的典型热力学过程 ······································· 115
8.3循环过程 ····················································· 119
8.4热力学第二是律 ················································ 122
8.5娟 ··························································· 125
8.6娟的统计意义 ················································· 127习题 ····························································· 129
第三篇电与磁
第 9章静电场 ······················································· 135
9.1电荷库仑是律 ················································ 135
9.2电场电场强度 ················································ 137
9.3静电场的高斯是理 ·············································· 143
9.4静电场环路是理电势 ·········································· 148
9.5静电场中的导体 ················································ 153
9.6电容电容器 ················································· 155
9.7电介质 ······················································· 158
9.8静电场的能量 ················································· 161习题 ····························································· 164第 10章恒定磁场 ····················································· 168
10.1恒是电流 ····················································· 168
目录
10.2磁场磁感应强度 ·············································· 172
10.3毕奥 –萨f尔是律 ·············································· 175
10.4恒是磁场的性质 ················································ 180
10.5磁场对运动电荷的作用 ·········································· 183
10.6磁场对载流导线的作用 ·········································· 186
10.7磁介质 ······················································· 189习题 ····························································· 195第 11章电磁感应与电磁场 ·············································· 200
11.1电磁感应的基本规律 ············································ 200
11.2动生电动势和感生电动势 ········································ 202
11.3自感和互感 ··················································· 207
11.4磁场能量 ····················································· 210
11.5麦克斯韦方程组电磁场 ········································ 212习题 ····························································· 216
第四篇波与粒子
第 12章波动 ························································· 223
12.1简谐波 ······················································· 223
12.2波的叠加 ····················································· 229
12.3多普勒效应 ··················································· 234
12.4电磁波 ······················································· 236
12.5电磁波的吸收和色散 ············································ 242习题 ····························································· 245第 13章光波 ························································· 247
13.1相干光 ······················································· 247
13.2杨氏双缝干涉芳埃德镜 ········································ 248
13.3薄膜干涉 ····················································· 251
13.4光的衍射 ····················································· 257
13.5衍射光栅 ····················································· 262
13.6 X射线衍射 ··················································· 266
13.7光的偏振 ····················································· 267
13.8反射光与折射光的偏振 ·········································· 269习题 ····························································· 271第 14章量子物理学初步 ··············································· 273
14.1光的本性的再认识 ·············································· 273
14.2实物粒子的二象性 ·············································· 283
14.3波函数薛是诗方程 ············································ 287
14.4一维势场中的粒子 ·············································· 291
vi目录
14.5氢原子 ······················································· 295
14.6原子的壳层结构 ················································ 300习题 ····························································· 302第 15章原子核与基本粒子 ·············································· 304
15.1原子核的一般性质 ·············································· 304
15.2核力 ························································· 305
15.3原子核的结合能及其利用 ········································ 306
15.4原子核衰变的基本规律 ·········································· 309
15.5基本粒子 ····················································· 317习题 ····························································· 322附录 A希腊字母表 ··················································· 323附录 B基本物理常量和保留单位 ········································ 324
第一篇运动与力
第 1章质点运动学 ··················································· 3
1.1质点运动的描述 ················································ 3
1.2速度和加速度在不同坐标系中的表示 ······························· 6
1.3相对运动 ····················································· 11习题 ····························································· 13第 2章动量角动量 ················································· 15
2.1力与物体的运动状态 ············································ 15
2.2动量动量守恒是律 ············································ 18
2.3角动量角动量守恒是律 ········································ 24
2.4质心质心运动是理 ············································ 27
2.5刚体的是轴转动 ················································ 28习题 ····························································· 33第 3章功和能 ······················································· 36
3.1动能是理 ····················································· 36
3.2势能 ························································· 41
3.3功能原理与机械能守恒是律 ······································· 44习题 ····························································· 46第 4章流体力学 ····················································· 48
4.1流体静力学 ··················································· 48
4.2理想流体的流动 ················································ 51
4.3如性流体的流动 ················································ 55
4.4液体的表面性质 ················································ 57习题 ····························································· 61第 5章振动 ························································· 63
5.1振动概述 ····················································· 63
5.2简谐振动 ····················································· 64
5.3振动的合成与分解 ·············································· 70
5.4阻尼振动受迫振动 ············································ 74习题 ····························································· 77第 6章狭义相对论基础 ··············································· 79
6.1经典时空观 ··················································· 79
iv目录
6.2狭义相对论的时空观 ············································ 81
6.3狭义相对论的质量和能量 ········································ 85
6.4广义相对论简介 ················································ 86习题 ····························································· 90
第二篇热现象
第 7章气体动理论 ··················································· 93
7.1气体的状态方程 ················································ 93
7.2气体动理论的基本概念 ·········································· 95
7.3理想气体的压强和温度 ·········································· 98
7.4气体分子的速率分布律 ·········································· 101
7.5玻耳兹曼分布律 ················································ 103
7.6能量均分是理 ················································· 105
7.7分子的平均自由程 ·············································· 107
7.8输运现象的气体动理论 ·········································· 109习题 ····························································· 111第 8章热力学基础 ··················································· 113
8.1热力学第一是律 ················································ 113
8.2理想气体的典型热力学过程 ······································· 115
8.3循环过程 ····················································· 119
8.4热力学第二是律 ················································ 122
8.5娟 ··························································· 125
8.6娟的统计意义 ················································· 127习题 ····························································· 129
第三篇电与磁
第 9章静电场 ······················································· 135
9.1电荷库仑是律 ················································ 135
9.2电场电场强度 ················································ 137
9.3静电场的高斯是理 ·············································· 143
9.4静电场环路是理电势 ·········································· 148
9.5静电场中的导体 ················································ 153
9.6电容电容器 ················································· 155
9.7电介质 ······················································· 158
9.8静电场的能量 ················································· 161习题 ····························································· 164第 10章恒定磁场 ····················································· 168
10.1恒是电流 ····················································· 168
目录
10.2磁场磁感应强度 ·············································· 172
10.3毕奥 –萨f尔是律 ·············································· 175
10.4恒是磁场的性质 ················································ 180
10.5磁场对运动电荷的作用 ·········································· 183
10.6磁场对载流导线的作用 ·········································· 186
10.7磁介质 ······················································· 189习题 ····························································· 195第 11章电磁感应与电磁场 ·············································· 200
11.1电磁感应的基本规律 ············································ 200
11.2动生电动势和感生电动势 ········································ 202
11.3自感和互感 ··················································· 207
11.4磁场能量 ····················································· 210
11.5麦克斯韦方程组电磁场 ········································ 212习题 ····························································· 216
第四篇波与粒子
第 12章波动 ························································· 223
12.1简谐波 ······················································· 223
12.2波的叠加 ····················································· 229
12.3多普勒效应 ··················································· 234
12.4电磁波 ······················································· 236
12.5电磁波的吸收和色散 ············································ 242习题 ····························································· 245第 13章光波 ························································· 247
13.1相干光 ······················································· 247
13.2杨氏双缝干涉芳埃德镜 ········································ 248
13.3薄膜干涉 ····················································· 251
13.4光的衍射 ····················································· 257
13.5衍射光栅 ····················································· 262
13.6 X射线衍射 ··················································· 266
13.7光的偏振 ····················································· 267
13.8反射光与折射光的偏振 ·········································· 269习题 ····························································· 271第 14章量子物理学初步 ··············································· 273
14.1光的本性的再认识 ·············································· 273
14.2实物粒子的二象性 ·············································· 283
14.3波函数薛是诗方程 ············································ 287
14.4一维势场中的粒子 ·············································· 291
vi目录
14.5氢原子 ······················································· 295
14.6原子的壳层结构 ················································ 300习题 ····························································· 302第 15章原子核与基本粒子 ·············································· 304
15.1原子核的一般性质 ·············································· 304
15.2核力 ························································· 305
15.3原子核的结合能及其利用 ········································ 306
15.4原子核衰变的基本规律 ·········································· 309
15.5基本粒子 ····················································· 317习题 ····························································· 322附录 A希腊字母表 ··················································· 323附录 B基本物理常量和保留单位 ········································ 324
