Part One Poetry

　1. Reading a Poem

　　The Lake Isle of Innisfree (1892)

　　Lyric Poetry

　　ARed, Red Rose (1796)

　　Narrative Poetry

　　""Out, Out--"" (1916)

　　Dramatic Poetry q

　　My Last Duchess (1842)

　　[EReading Critically] Can a Poem Be Paraphrased?

　2. Listening to a Voice

　　Tone

　　To a Locomotive in Winter (1881)

　　I Like to Seelt Lap the Miles (about1862)

　　The Person in the Poem

　　Hawk Roosting (1960)

　　I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (1807)

　　Irony

　　The Chimney Sweeper (1789)

　　[Reading Critically[ Paying Attention to the Obvious

　3. Words

　　Literal Meaning

　　This Is Just to Say (1934)

　　Sonnet18 (1609)

　　Aftermath (1873)

　　Allusion

　　Connotations

　　London (1794)

　　Fire and Ice (1923)

　　Break, Break, Break (1842)

　　[Reading CriticallyI The Ways a Poem Suggests

　4. Imagery and Symbol

　　InaStation of the Metro (1916)

　　Analyzing Images

　　The Winter Evening Settles Down (1917)

　　She Walks in Beauty(1815)

　　Spring and All (1923)

　　The Red Wheelbarrow (1923)

　　Dreams (about1932)

　　Symbol

　　The Lightning Is a Yellow Fork (about 1870)

　　Allegory

　　Anecdote of the Jar (1923)

　　The Road Not Taken (1916)

　　Poem (1934)

　　Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art (1819)

　　[Reading Critically] How to Read a Symbol

　5. Figures of Speech

　　Speaking Figuratively

　　The Eagle (1851)

　　TheFlea (1633)

　　Metaphor and Simile

　　Flower in the Crannied Wall (1869)

　　To See a World in a Grain of Sand (about 1803)

　　It Dropped So Low--in My Regard (about 1863)

　　Other Figures of Speech

　　The Silken Tent (1942)

　　TheTyger (1794)

　　The Sick Rose (1794)

　　[Reading Critically] How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning

　6. Sound

　　Alliteration

　　Assonance

　　The Splendor Falls on Castle Walls (1850)

　　Rime

　　Desert Places (1936)

　　Rhythm

　　Meter

　　Verse Form

　　Stanza Form

　　The Descent of Winter (Section 10/30) (1934)

　　Beat! Beat! Drums! (1861)

　　Dream Boogie (1951)

　　She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways (1800)

　　[Reading Critically] What Is Poetry?

Part Two Fiction

　　Fables, Parables, and Tales

　　Short Stories

　　Long Stories and Novels

　1. Plot

　　Pride and Prejudice (1813) (Chapters 1 and 58)

　　Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) (XXXIV)

　　IReading Critically] What's the Plot

　2. Character

　　The Jilting of Granny Weatherall (1930)

　　Everyday Use (1973)

　　[Reading Critically] How Does Character Create Action?

　3. Setting

　　The Storm (1898)

　　To Build a Fire (1910)

　　IReading CriticallyI How Do Time and Place Set a Story?

　4. Point of View

　　A Rose for Emily (1931)

　　The Tell-Tale Heart (1843,1850)

　　[Reading Critically] How Does Point of View Shape a Story?

　5. Tone and Style

　　A Clean, Well-Lighted Place (1933)

　　Barn Burning (1939)

　　[Reading Critically] Be Style Conscious

　6. Symbol

　　The Chrysanthemums (1938)

　　Odour of Chrysanthemums (1911,1914)

　　[Reading Critically] Recognizing Symbols

　7. Theme

　　The Open Boat (1897)

　　The Garden Party (1922)

　　[ Reading Critically] Stating the Theme

　8. Evaluating a Story

　　Eveline (1914)

　　Catch-22 (1961)

Part Three Drama

　1. Reading a Play

　　A Play in Its Elements

　　Dialogue

　　Story

　　Character

　　Action

　　Desire under the Elms (1924)

　　[Reading Critically] Conflict Resolution

　2. Dramatic Types

　　Tragedy

　　Comedy

　　Tragicomedy and Theatre of the Absurd

　　Hamlet (1601)

　　The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)

　　[Reading Critically] Breaking the Language Barrier

　3. The Development of Drama

　　English Drama in the 20th Century

　　American Drama in the 20th Century

　　Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1966)

　　The Death of a Salesman (1949)

　　[Reading Critically] Critical Performance

Appendixes

　Appendix 1. Writers Presented in This Book

　Appendix 2. Reference Guide for Citations

　Appendix 3. Glossary of Literary Terms

　Appendix 4. Critical Approaches to Literature

Bibliography