Introduction v

Entry test vii

1 Present tenses 现在时态

　present simple; present continuous; state verbs

　Test practice： Listening Section 1

2 Past tenses 1 过去时态

　past simple; past continuous; used to; would

　Test practice： Academic Reading

3 Present perfect 现在完成时

　present perfect simple; present perfect continuous

　Test practice： General Training Writing Task 1

4 Past tenses 2 过去时态

　past perfect simple; past perfect continuous

　Test practice： Academic Reading

5 Future 1 将来时态

　plans， intentions and predictions： present continuous; going to; will

　Test practice： General Training Reading

6 Future 2 将来时态

　present simple; be about to; future continuous; future perfect

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 2

7 Countable and uncountable nouns 可数名词和不可数名词

　countable and uncountable nouns; quantity expressions （many， much， a lot of，some， any， a few， few， no）

　Test practice： Academic Reading

8 Referring to nouns 指称名词

　articles; other determiners （demonstratives， possessives， inclusives： each，every， both， all etc.）

　Test practice： Listening Section 4

9 Pronouns and referencing 代词及其指代

　personal， possessive and reflexive pronouns; avoiding repetition

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 2

10 Adjective and adverbs 形容词和副词

　describing things： adding information about manner， place， time， frequency and intensity

　Test practice： General Training Reading

11 Comparing things 比较事物

　comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; other ways of comparing

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 1

12 The noun phrase 名词短语

　noun + prepositional phrase; noun + participle clause; noun + to-infinitive clause

　Test practice： Academic Reading

13 Modals 1 情态动词 1

　ability; possibility; alternatives to modals

　Test practice： Listening Section 4

14 Modals 2 情态动词 2

　obligation and necessity; suggestions and advice; adverbs

　Test practice： General Training Reading

15 Reported speech 间接引语

　tense changes; time references; reporting questions; reporting verbs

　Test practice： Listening Section 3

16 Verb+ verb patterns 动词+动词形式

　verb + to-infinitive; verb + -ing; verb + preposition + -ing; verb + infinitive without to

　Test practice： Academic Reading

17 Likelihood based on conditions 1 基于条件的可能性 1

　zero， first and second conditionals; other ways to introduce a condition

　Test practice： Academic Reading

18 Likelihood based on conditions 2 基于条件的可能性 2

　third conditional; mixed conditionals; wishes and regrets; should（n't） have

　Test practice： Academic Reading

19 Prepositions 介词

　prepositions after verbs， adjectives and nouns; prepositional phrases

　Test practice： Listening Section 2

20 Relative clauses 关系从句

　relative pronouns; defining and non-defining relative clauses; prepositions

　Test practice： Academic Reading

21 Ways of organising texts 组织文章的方式

　subject choice; introductory it; ellipsis; organising information; it- and what-clauses

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 2

22 The passive 被动语态

　the passive; reporting with passive verbs， have something done， need + -ing

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 1

23 Linking ideas 概念之间的连接

　conjunctions， adverbials and prepositions; linking expressions

　Test practice： Academic Reading

24 Showing your position in a text 在文中表明你的立场

　pronouns; adverbs; verbs; adjectives

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 2

25 Nominalisation in written English 书面英语中的名词化

　forming nouns from other parts of speech （verbs， adjectives and linking words）

　Test practice： Academic Writing Task 1

Key 223

Recording scripts

Appendix 1： Irregular verbs

Appendix 2： Phrasal verbs

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